【proteus经典实战】显示温度和电压测量值在一个LCD屏幕上

一、简介

      为基于微控制器的系统设计的，旨在实现温度和电压的实时测量并将结果显示在LCD屏幕上。核心部件包括DS1621数字温度传感器和MAX1241 A/D转换器：DS1621用于温度测量，而MAX1241则负责电压测量。通过精确读取这些传感器的数据，处理这些数据，并以易于读取的格式在LCD上展示出来，定义相关接口用于初始化和设置一些与LCD及可能的I2C设备相关的硬件接口。

二、头文件选择，变量定义

    在8051微控制器上基于嵌入式C语言的程序片段。定义一系列的宏定义、全局变量和特殊功能位（sbit），用于简化寄存器操作和提高代码可读性。

2.1 头文件:

这是8051微控制器编程中常用的头文件，包括了特定于8051的寄存器定义和sfr（特殊功能寄存器）的宏定义。

2.2 宏定义:

uchar 和 uint 分别为 unsigned char 和 unsigned int 的简化形式，用于声明变量。

High 和 Low 分别定义了逻辑高电平（1）和低电平（0），用于提高代码的可读性。

_nop 定义了一个空操作，通常对应于汇编语言中的NOP指令，这里被定义为空花括号。

2.3 LCD外设地址：

PAGEADD、TIERADD 和 DIS_STARADD 是LCD显示相关的地址，用于LCD内存映射或寄存器操作。

2.4 全局变量:

key_value: 用于存储按键扫描的结果或类似功能的数值。

voltage_display: 一个数组，用来存储要在LCD上显示的电压值。

2.5 特殊功能位:

DI, E, CS1, CS2, RW, cs, sclk 和 dout 是与LCD显示和其它外设通信的控制线，对应于端口1的不同位。

I2C_SCL 和 I2C_SDA 是与I2C总线通信的串行时钟和数据线，这显示了程序可能包含与I2C兼容设备的通信。

2.6 代码：

A

三、定义字符表

       定义一个字符表，其中包含了ASCII字符和一些中文字符的显示数据。通过使用这个字符表，可以在液晶模块上显示出对应的字符，字符表中的每个字符对应一个8x8的字模，每个字模使用8个字节来表示。

其中，table1定义了ASCII字符的字模，table2定义了一些中文字符的字模。

       每个字符在字符表中的索引位置，以及对应的字符，使用这个字符表时，可以根据需要从字符表中取出相应的字模数据，然后根据液晶模块的显示方式进行显示。以下是字符数组

/*****************************
          字符表 
	 显示"Welcome Use"
******************************/
uchar code table1[]={
0x00,0x3e,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3e,0x00,0x00,//0(0)
0x00,0x00,0x42,0x7f,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,//1
0x00,0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46,0x00,0x00,//2
0x00,0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4b,0x31,0x00,0x00,//3
0x00,0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7f,0x10,0x00,0x00,//4
0x00,0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39,0x00,0x00,//5
0x00,0x3c,0x4a,0x49,0x49,0x30,0x00,0x00,//6
0x00,0x01,0x01,0x79,0x05,0x03,0x00,0x00,//7
0x00,0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36,0x00,0x00,//8
0x00,0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1e,0x00,0x00,//9
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,// (10)
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x47,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//!
0x00,0x23,0x13,0x08,0x64,0x62,0x00,0x00,//%
0x00,0x36,0x49,0x55,0x22,0x50,0x00,0x00,//&
0x00,0x14,0x08,0x3e,0x08,0x14,0x00,0x00,//*
0x00,0x08,0x08,0x3e,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,//+
0x00,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,//-
0x00,0x00,0x60,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//.
0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x00,0x00,///
0x00,0x00,0x36,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//:(19)
0x00,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x00,0x00,//=
0x00,0x02,0x01,0x51,0x09,0x06,0x00,0x00,//?
0x00,0x32,0x49,0x79,0x41,0x3E,0x00,0x00,//@(22)
0x00,0x7e,0x11,0x11,0x11,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//A
0x00,0x41,0x7f,0x49,0x49,0x36,0x00,0x00,//B
0x00,0x3e,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x22,0x00,0x00,//C
0x00,0x41,0x7f,0x41,0x41,0x3e,0x00,0x00,//D
0x00,0x7f,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x00,0x00,//E
0x00,0x7f,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x01,0x00,0x00,//F
0x00,0x3e,0x41,0x41,0x49,0x7a,0x00,0x00,//G(29)
0x00,0x7f,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//H
0x00,0x00,0x41,0x7f,0x41,0x00,0x00,0x00,//I
0x20,0x40,0x41,0x3f,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//J
0x00,0x7f,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x41,0x00,0x00,//K
0x00,0x7f,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x00,//L
0x00,0x7f,0x02,0x0c,0x02,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//M
0x00,0x7f,0x06,0x08,0x30,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//N
0x00,0x3e,0x41,0x41,0x41,0x3e,0x00,0x00,//O
0x00,0x7f,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x06,0x00,0x00,//P
0x00,0x3e,0x41,0x51,0x21,0x5e,0x00,0x00,//Q(39)
0x00,0x7f,0x09,0x19,0x29,0x46,0x00,0x00,//R
0x00,0x26,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x32,0x00,0x00,//S
0x00,0x01,0x01,0x7f,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//T
0x00,0x3f,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x3f,0x00,0x00,//U
0x00,0x1f,0x20,0x41,0x20,0x1f,0x00,0x00,//V
0x00,0x7f,0x20,0x80,0x20,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//W
0x00,0x63,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x63,0x00,0x00,//X
0x00,0x07,0x08,0x70,0x08,0x07,0x00,0x00,//Y
0x00,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x43,0x00,0x00,//Z
0x00,0x20,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x78,0x00,0x00,//a(49)
0x00,0x20,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x78,0x00,0x00,//b
0x00,0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x28,0x00,0x00,//c
0x00,0x38,0x44,0x44,0x48,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//d	
0x00,0x38,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x18,0x00,0x00,//e
0x00,0x00,0x08,0x7e,0x09,0x02,0x00,0x00,//f
0x00,0x0c,0x52,0x52,0x4c,0x3e,0x00,0x00,//g
0x00,0x7f,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78,0x00,0x00,//h
0x00,0x00,0x44,0x7d,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,//i
0x00,0x20,0x40,0x44,0x3d,0x00,0x00,0x00,//j
0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x00,0x00,//k(59)
0x00,0x00,0x41,0x7f,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,//l
0x00,0x7c,0x04,0x78,0x04,0x78,0x00,0x00,//m
0x00,0x7c,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x78,0x00,0x00,//n
0x00,0x38,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x38,0x00,0x00,//o
0x00,0x7e,0x0c,0x12,0x12,0x0c,0x00,0x00,//p
0x00,0x0c,0x12,0x12,0x0c,0x7e,0x00,0x00,//q
0x00,0x7C,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08,0x00,0x00,//r
0x00,0x58,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x64,0x00,0x00,//s
0x00,0x04,0x3f,0x44,0x40,0x20,0x00,0x00,//t
0x00,0x3c,0x40,0x40,0x3c,0x40,0x00,0x00,//u(69)
0x00,0x1c,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x1c,0x00,0x00,//v
0x00,0x3c,0x40,0x30,0x40,0x3c,0x00,0x00,//w
0x00,0x44,0x28,0x10,0x28,0x44,0x00,0x00,//x
0x00,0x1c,0xa0,0xa0,0x90,0x7c,0x00,0x00,//y
0x00,0x44,0x64,0x54,0x4c,0x44,0x00,0x00,//z(74)
};
/****************************
        中文字符表 
	显示"欢迎使用液晶模块"
*****************************/
uchar code table2[]={
0x14,0x24,0x44,0x84,0x64,0x1c,0x20,0x18,
0x0f,0xe8,0x08,0x08,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00,
0x20,0x10,0x4c,0x43,0x43,0x2c,0x20,0x10,
0x0c,0x03,0x06,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x20,0x00,//欢(0)
0x40,0x41,0xce,0x04,0x00,0xfc,0x04,0x02,
0x02,0xfc,0x04,0x04,0x04,0xfc,0x00,0x00,
0x40,0x20,0x1f,0x20,0x40,0x47,0x42,0x41,
0x40,0x5f,0x40,0x42,0x44,0x43,0x40,0x00,//迎(1)
0x40,0x20,0xf0,0x1c,0x07,0xf2,0x94,0x94,
0x94,0xff,0x94,0x94,0x94,0xf4,0x04,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x00,0x40,0x41,0x22,0x14,
0x0c,0x13,0x10,0x30,0x20,0x61,0x20,0x00,//使(2)
0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,
0xfe,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xfe,0x00,0x00,
0x80,0x40,0x30,0x0f,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,
0xff,0x02,0x02,0x42,0x82,0x7f,0x00,0x00,//用(3)
0x10,0x61,0x06,0xe0,0x18,0x84,0xe4,0x1c,
0x84,0x65,0xbe,0x24,0xa4,0x64,0x04,0x00,
0x04,0x04,0xff,0x00,0x01,0x00,0xff,0x41,
0x21,0x12,0x0c,0x1b,0x61,0xc0,0x40,0x00,//液(4)
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,
0x2a,0x2a,0x2a,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x7f,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x7f,0x00,
0x00,0x7f,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x7f,0x00,//晶(5)
0x10,0xd0,0xff,0x50,0x90,0x04,0xf4,0x54,
0x5f,0x54,0x54,0x5f,0xf4,0x04,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x84,0x85,0x45,
0x35,0x0f,0x15,0x25,0x65,0xc4,0x44,0x00,//模(6)
0x10,0x10,0xff,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x08,0x08,
0xff,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x08,0x18,0x0f,0x04,0x85,0x41,0x31,0x0d,
0x03,0x05,0x09,0x11,0x31,0x61,0x21,0x00,//块(7)
0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0xFF, 
0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x3F, 
0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x4F,0x40,0x70,0x00,//电(8)
0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,
0xFA,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x62,0x42,0x02,0x00,
0x20,0x18,0x27,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20, 
0x3F,0x20,0x21,0x2E,0x24,0x20,0x20,0x00,//压(9)
0x10,0x21,0x86,0x70,0x00,0x7E,0x4A,0x4A, 
0x4A,0x4A,0x4A,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 
0x02,0xFE,0x01,0x40,0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x7F,
0x41,0x41,0x7F,0x41,0x41,0x7F,0x40,0x00,//温(10)
0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x04,0x24,0x24,0xFC,0xA5,
0xA6,0xA4,0xFC,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x04,0x00,
0x80,0x60,0x1F,0x80,0x80,0x42,0x46,0x2A, 
0x12,0x12,0x2A,0x26,0x42,0xC0,0x40,0x00,//度(11)
0x08,0x31,0x86,0x60,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0xF2, 
0x02,0xFE,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00, 
0x04,0xFC,0x03,0x00,0x80,0x47,0x30,0x0F, 
0x10,0x67,0x00,0x07,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,//测(12)
0x40,0x40,0x40,0xDF,0x55,0x55,0x55,0xD5,
0x55,0x55,0x55,0xDF,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00, 
0x40,0x40,0x40,0x57,0x55,0x55,0x55,0x7F, 
0x55,0x55,0x55,0x57,0x50,0x40,0x40,0x00,//量(13)
};

四、各种函数介绍

4.1 延时函数

定义一个名为`Delay_nms`的函数，它用于延迟或休眠一段时间。这个函数接收一个无符号字符类型的参数`n`，表示需要延迟的次数。

Delay_nms(uchar n)
{
    // 定义一个无符号字符类型的变量a，用于循环计数
    uchar a;
    // 开始一个空循环，条件是n大于0
    for(;n>0;n--)
    {
        // 开始另一个循环，循环次数为100次
        for(a=0;a0;n--)：一个空循环，只要n大于0就会继续循环，直到n小于或等于0时停止。这可以看作是一个等待或延迟的过程，其中n表示需要等待的次数。 
for(a=0;a