Day40

2024-06-20 1107阅读

Day40

监听器

概念：

监听器用于监听web应用中某些对象信息的创建、销毁、增加，修改，删除等动作的

发生，然后作出相应的响应处理。当范围对象的状态发生变化的时候，服务器自动调用

监听器对象中的方法。

常用于统计在线人数和在线用户，系统加载时进行信息初始化，统计网站的访问量等。

类别：

第一大类：监听请求域、会话域、全局域对象的创建和销毁。

第二大类：监听请求域、会话域、全局域对象的属性的创建、替换、销毁。

第三大类：监听会话域（String key - Object value）里value的绑定和解绑、钝化和活化。

第一大类

监听请求域：

servlet：

package com.qf.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Servlet01")
public class Servlet01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("执行Servlet");
    }
}

web.xml:

        com.qf.listen.MyServletRequestListener

listener:

package com.qf.listen;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
public class MyServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
        ServletRequest request = servletRequestEvent.getServletRequest();
        System.out.println("请求对象被销毁了"+request);
    }
    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
        ServletRequest request = servletRequestEvent.getServletRequest();
        System.out.println("请求对象被创建了"+request);
    }
}

注：请求对象的生命周期为，创建：客户端发送请求，服务器会创建请求对象。销毁：服务器返回响应后，会把请求对象、响应对象一并销毁。

监听会话域

注意：查看生命周期要把index.jsp改名或者删除，因为项目启动会默认进入index.jsp，会创建会话对象。

web.xml:（手动调整session销毁时间）

        com.qf.listen.MyHttpSessionListener
    
    
        1

创建一个page01.jsp。

MyHttpSessionListener:

package com.qf.listen;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        HttpSession session = httpSessionEvent.getSession();
        System.out.println("会话对象被创建了"+session.getId());
    }
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        System.out.println("会话对象被销毁了");
    }
}

注：会话对象的什么周期，创建：服务器使用到了session->request.getSession();销毁：session对象设置的过期时间到后就会被销毁。

思考1：客户端访问html资源是否会创建会话对象？答：不会

思考2：客户端访问jsp资源会创建会话对象？为什么？答：会，因为jsp里9大内置对象中有session对象。

思考3：session对象创建后，客户端发送下一次请求是为什么能找到之前的session对象？答：因为客户端在cookie中存储了session的id->JSESSIONID

思考4：session对象是存活在服务器中的，默认为30分钟的生命周期，可客户端存储的cookie里的JSESSIONID为会话结束时，也就意味着关闭浏览器后，再也找不到之前存储在服务器中的session对象，那怎么解决？

答：设置cookie中JSESSION的过期时间。

package com.qf.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Servlet01")
public class Servlet01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Servlet收到请求");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSION",session.getId());
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*30);
        response.addCookie(cookie);
        response.getWriter().println("abc");
    }
}

监听全局域

web.xml:

        info
        abc
    

        com.qf.listen.MyServletContextListener

MyServletContextListener:

package com.qf.listen;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        String info = servletContext.getInitParameter("info");
        System.out.println("全局对象被创建了"+"--"+info);
        
    }
    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        System.out.println("全局对象被销毁了");
    }
}

注：1.生命周期为项目启动时创建，服务器正常关闭时销毁。

经验：应用场景：

监听全局域对象的创建和销毁，而全局域对象在项目启动时创建，就意味着监听器里的初始化方法在项目启动时就会被调用，所以我们可以把项目初始化的工作放在该方法里。在配置文件中context-param里设置初始数据（建议放在最上面），在监听器的初始化方法中可以用getInitParameter（）方法获取数据。

第一大类使用案例-统计在线人数

在全局域监听器中创建：

        servletContext.setAttribute("count",0);

在会话域监听器中统计：

package com.qf.listen;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        HttpSession session = httpSessionEvent.getSession();
        System.out.println("会话对象被创建了"+session.getId());
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        int count = (int) servletContext.getAttribute("count");
        count++;
        servletContext.setAttribute("count",count);
    }
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        System.out.println("会话对象被销毁了");
        HttpSession session = httpSessionEvent.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        int count = (int) servletContext.getAttribute("count");
        count--;
        servletContext.setAttribute("count",count);
    }
}

第二大类

请求属性监听器

MyServletRequestAttributeListener（用注解配置）:

package com.qf.listen02;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
@WebListener
public class MyServletRequestAttributeListener implements ServletRequestAttributeListener {
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {
        String name = servletRequestAttributeEvent.getName();
        Object value = servletRequestAttributeEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("请求域对象添加了属性："+name+"---"+value);
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {
        String name = servletRequestAttributeEvent.getName();
        Object value = servletRequestAttributeEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("请求域对象删除了属性："+name+"---"+value);
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent servletRequestAttributeEvent) {
        String name = servletRequestAttributeEvent.getName();
        Object value = servletRequestAttributeEvent.getValue();//获取被替换的值
        System.out.println("请求域对象替换了属性："+name+"---"+value);
    }
}

page.jsp:

会话属性监听器

MyHttpSessionAttributeListener:

package com.qf.listen02;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
public class MyHttpSessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
        String name = httpSessionBindingEvent.getName();
        Object value = httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("会话域对象添加了属性");
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
        String name = httpSessionBindingEvent.getName();
        Object value = httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("会话域对象删除了属性");
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
        String name = httpSessionBindingEvent.getName();
        Object value = httpSessionBindingEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("会话域对象替换了属性");
    }
}

page02.jsp:

全局属性监听器

MyServletContextAttributeListener:

package com.qf.listen02;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        String name = servletContextAttributeEvent.getName();
        Object value = servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("全局对象创建了属性："+"--"+name+"--"+value);
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        String name = servletContextAttributeEvent.getName();
        Object value = servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("全局对象创建了属性："+"--"+name+"--"+value);
    }
    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent servletContextAttributeEvent) {
        String name = servletContextAttributeEvent.getName();
        Object value = servletContextAttributeEvent.getValue();
        System.out.println("全局对象创建了属性："+"--"+name+"--"+value);
    }
}

page03.jsp:

第三大类

HttpSessionBindingListener：监听JavaBean对象在session中的绑定（添加）和解绑（删除）,即监听某一个具体的类对象，第二大类是监听所有的类对象。

HttpSessionActivationListener:监听JavaBean对象在session中的钝化（序列化）和活化（反序列化）

User:（实现HttpSessionBindingListener，HttpSessionActivationListener，Serializable）

package com.qf.listen03;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements HttpSessionBindingListener, HttpSessionActivationListener, Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String name;
    private String nickName;
    public User(String username, String password, String name, String nickName) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.name = name;
        this.nickName = nickName;
    }
    public User() {
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getNickName() {
        return nickName;
    }
    public void setNickName(String nickName) {
        this.nickName = nickName;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", nickName='" + nickName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    @Override
    public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        System.out.println(this+"被session钝化了");
    }
    @Override
    public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
        System.out.println(this+"被session活化了");
    }
    @Override
    public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
        System.out.println(this+"绑定到session中了");
    }
    @Override
    public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent httpSessionBindingEvent) {
        System.out.println(this+"从session中解绑了");
    }
}

在web里面创建META-INF文件夹，写一个context.xml:

Servlet02:

package com.qf.servlet;
import com.qf.listen03.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Servlet02")
public class Servlet02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Servlet02接收到请求了...");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        //注意：将user对象添加到session中，可以叫做User对象绑定到session中 --- 绑定
        session.setAttribute("user",new User("1233211234567","123132","zs","fwkt"));
        //注意：将user对象从session中删除，可以叫做User对象从session中解绑了 --- 解绑
        session.removeAttribute("user");
    }
}

Servlet03:

package com.qf.servlet;
import com.qf.listen03.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Servlet03")
public class Servlet03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Servlet03接收到请求了...");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("user",new User("1233211234567","123132","zs","fwkt"));
    }
}

注意：将User对象添加到session中，可以叫做User对象绑定到session中 — 绑定

将User对象从session中删除，可以叫做User对象从session中解绑 — 解绑

面试题：session的钝化与活化：

过滤器

简介

Filter：过滤器，拦截访问web资源的请求与响应操作

Servlet API中提供了Filter接口，开发web应用时，如果编写的Java类实现了这个接口，则把这个Java类称之为过滤器。

创建与使用

场景：welcome.html向Servlet01发送请求：

package com.qf.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/Servlet01.action")
public class Servlet01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        System.out.println("Servlet收到请求了");
    }
}

过滤器：

package com.qf.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Filter01 implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("Filter01 --- init()");
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Filter01 --- doFilter() -- 放行前");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("Filter01 --- doFilter() -- 放行后");
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Filter01 --- destroy()");
    }
}

配置文件：

        welcome.html
    
    
        Filter01
        com.qf.filter.Filter01
    
    
        Filter01
        *.action

生命周期

创建：项目启动时创建 – 构造方法、init（）

销毁：项目正常关闭时销毁 – destroy（）

注意：Filter对象是单例的。

当有多个过滤器时，

配置文件：

        Filter01
        com.qf.filter.Filter01
    
    
        Filter01
        *.action
    
    
        Filter02
        com.qf.filter.Filter01
    
    
        Filter02
        *.action
    
    
        Filter03
        com.qf.filter.Filter01
    
    
        Filter03
        *.action

思考：多个Filter的创建顺序？多个Filter调用顺序？

创建顺序：无序，底层是多线程抢资源。调用顺序为web.xml里的配置顺序（推荐）。如果是使用注解配置，是按照类名字典排序。

案例1 编码过滤器

WEB-学生管理系统中写一个Encoderfilter类进行编码过滤（就不必在servlet中设置了）

配置文件（标准写法要求匹配所有的action，但是由于之前项目中servlet后没有加.action，故此处偷懒直接写/*）：

        welcome.html
    
    
        EncoderFilter
        com.qf.filter.EncoderFilter
    
    
        EncoderFilter
        /*

过滤器：

package com.qf.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class EncoderFilter implements Filter {
    private String code;
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        code = filterConfig.getInitParameter("code");
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        request.setCharacterEncoding(code);
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+code);
        filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}

案例2 登录权限过滤器

写一个LoginFilter。

配置文件：

        LoginFilter
        com.qf.filter.LoginFilter
    
    
        LoginFilter
        /*

LoginFilter:

package com.qf.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
//        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
//        System.out.println(requestURL);
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
        String role = (String) session.getAttribute("role");
        String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
        if(requestURI.equals("/Day37_war_exploded/register.jsp")||
                requestURI.equals("/Day37_war_exploded/login.jsp")||
                requestURI.equals("/Day37_war_exploded/CodeServlet")||
                requestURI.equals("/Day37_war_exploded/LoginServlet")||
                requestURI.equals("/Day37_war_exploded/")||
                requestURI.equals("/Day37_war_exploded/welcome.html")
        ){
            filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
        }else{
            if(username!=null&&role!=null&&name!=null){
                if("student".equals(role) && requestURI.contains("QueryAllStuServlet")) {
                    response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
                }
                else{
                    filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
                    
                }
            }
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}

案例3 敏感词过滤器

场景：在学生详情页面写一个建议，跳转到proposal.jsp，里面写一个表单，提交到ProposalServlet




    Title


    建议
    
        建议：
        
        返回
    
    
        function fun01(){
            window.location = "index.jsp";
        }

ProposalServlet(输出建议)：

package com.qf.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/ProposalServlet")
public class ProposalServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String proposal = (String) request.getParameter("proposal");
        response.getWriter().println(proposal);
    }
}

MyHttpServletRequestWrapper包装类，继承HttpServletRequestWrapper类（构造方法、重写getParameter方法）：

package com.qf.pojo;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
public class MyHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    public MyHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
    }
    @Override
    public String getParameter(String name) {
        String parameter = super.getParameter(name);
        if(parameter!=null){
        	parameter = parameter.replaceAll("",">");
        	parameter = parameter.replaceAll("傻逼","**");
        }
        
        return parameter;
    }
}

SensitiveWordsFilter:

package com.qf.filter;
import com.qf.pojo.MyHttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SensitiveWordFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        MyHttpServletRequestWrapper requestWrapper = new MyHttpServletRequestWrapper(request);
        filterChain.doFilter(requestWrapper,servletResponse);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}

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Day40

Day40

监听器

第一大类

监听请求域：

监听会话域

监听全局域

第一大类使用案例-统计在线人数

第二大类

第三大类

过滤器

简介

创建与使用

生命周期

案例1 编码过滤器

案例2 登录权限过滤器

案例3 敏感词过滤器

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