important什么意思?
审题，是托福独立写作的第一步，只有搞清楚作文题目是什么意思，才能开始正确答题，然而有许多同学还没弄清到底要去论证什么，就想着如何写出漂亮的句子和高级的词汇。这也是为什么很多同学虽然作文写出来的句子很漂亮，但最后的作文分数却不高。那今天通过列举以往考过的真题进行解析，告诉大家如何审题，拿到更高的分数。
审题误区NO.1 忽略关键词
可能同学们对独立写作的题型已经很熟悉，所以在看题目的时候，题目还没看完，就开始提笔写作。可能就会导致题目看地过快，而忽略了某些关键词。例如：
例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is the only main cause for people's unhealthy eating habits。
看到这个题目，一般同学们都会想有没有other reasons for unhealthy habits，想出三条如：1. People's tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on "endless diets"; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever. 综上所述，advertising is not the only cause。
这个写法看起来非常完整，但其实犯了一个不起眼却严重的错误--题目不是要我们证明it is not the only cause，而是要我们去证明it is not the only main cause。多一个"main"，意思是很不一样的。如果我们只需要证明it is not the only cause，那么找出other causes即可。但是，如果我们要证明it is not the only main cause，就需要证明other causes that we mentioned are also main causes，这就需要在每一段中加上一些专门的说明。或者，更简单的办法是去证明advertising is not even a cause, 直接在每段的末尾加上advertising与该段所论述的unhealthy eating habit无关的论述即可。If it is not a cause, how can it be the only main cause? 这样一来，就不用通过证明还有其他main cause来反驳了，事实上，证明某种cause是main cause还是挺有难度的，因此推荐同学们用后一种方式进行论述。文章还是disagree，而三段的主题句分别应该是：1、1. People's tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours, and it is obvious that they are too busy to be influenced by advertising; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on "endless diets", and this is more like a result of human nature, the pursuit of beauty, but not advertising; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever, and it is quite clear that no advertising encourages them to do so。
例2：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and universities should offer more preparation for student before they start working。
看到这个题目，很多同学会可能会这样写：Agree. 1. Students should take more specialized courses in order to be knowledgeable and skillful enough for their future careers(接着开始论述being knowledgeable and skillful的重要性)； 2.Participating in internships helps students to have a clearer picture of their vocational development in the future(接着开始论述，如果没有实过习，在工作的时候是多么地feel so unprepared)； 3. Attending more club activities is an effective way to improve social skills, which are crucial for success both in life and at work(接着开始论述good social skills对职业和生活的帮助)。如果不看括号里的内容，仅看主题句，这篇文章是没有任何问题的。然而，括号中的论述从严格意义上来讲，是不能支 持"more"这个关键词的。举个简单的例子："我们需要钱"和"我们需要更多钱"在证明的时候重点是不一样的。如果证明"我们需要钱"，应该详细阐述钱的"不可或缺性"，比如生活、学习、教育都需要钱；但是如果证明"我们需要更多钱"，重点则应该放在"钱不够"的论述上，证明在学习、生 活、教育方面的预算都很紧张。同样地，上面的题目中仅仅证明Knowledge for careers, field experience and social skills are important是不够的，事实上，这些根本不需要证明，需要证明的事情是graduates today are not well prepared in the three aspects. 因此这篇文章应该是一篇"抱怨型"的文章，详细地去论述学校工作的不足。参考思路如下：Agree. 1. Many students today complain that they cannot learn practical skills and up-to-date information, for some of their teachers are not qualified enough to teach specialized courses; 2. Since many students are not allowed enough time to participate in internship programs before graduation, they know very little about what their future jobs like; 3. Joining clubs is possible for every college student, yet not every club provide is capable of offering enough opportunities for students to practice their social skills。
审题误区NO.2 误解关键词
与忽略关键词的不同，有些同学过于执着于关键词的字面意思，而没能看出其背后的implication，从而被关键词限制住思路，无法下笔。 比起忽略关键词，这种错误更常发生在细心且实力不错的同学身上，也很值得大家注意。建议同学们在写文章的时候要灵活，不要拘泥于关键词的字面意思，否则理由很不好想，就算想出来也很难用英文表达。例如：
例3：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend more money on elementary school education than on university education。
题目的意思是说，比起投资大学教育，政府应该在小学教育上投入更多的资金。看到这个题，同学们会有不同的看法，大体来讲无非是两种--认为 university education应该花更多的钱或反之。但是，大家很快会发现证明任何一种观点都是不容易的。比如说，有些同学可能会这样写：Agree. 1. Elementary school education involves more students than university education and it requires more money; 2. Colleges and universities have more sponsors than elementary schools so that the government should offer more financial support for the latter。3. Since elementary school education is the cornerstone of university education, it deserves more money from the government。
上面的主题句看起来是没有问题的，然而在展开的时候困难重重--第一个点里说小学生的数量多所以花钱多，这的确是事实，可是小学生人均所需要的经费却肯定比university students少，最关键的是，我们并没有数据作为支撑；第二点里说校友或社会人士的支持使得大学在财政方便面比小学要宽裕的多，然而，这还是一个没有数据就无法证明的观点；第三点里说elementary school education是university education的基础所以前者就应当比后者得到更多的预算，这是一个典型的逻辑错误， A是B的基础并不意味着要为A花更多的钱。总之，如果真的以钱的多少来写这道题，在没有数据支持的情况下是很难成文的。这种题目该怎么写呢？找到money后面的 implication很重要。其实，题目并不是要我们去讨论哪种教育应该花更多的钱，而是让我们去对比两种教育的重要性，自然地，更加重要的教育就应该花更多的钱。所以我们可以有以下论述：
(Main idea)I cannot agree that the government should spend more money on elementary school education than on university education, because they are equally important。
(Topic sentence) 1. Elementary school education prepares children for college education by teaching them how to learn and what they are supposed to learn. 2. University education helps students to be ready for the competitive job market by equippingthem with excellent knowledge for jobs and good communication skills。
(Conclusion) Since elementary school education and university education are both indispensable and irreplaceable parts of our lifelong education and they complete each other, it would be rigid to say that anyone of them deserves more money than the other。
其实，审题仅仅是写作考试的第一步，在这之后还有理由构思、语言表达等一系列步骤。后面如果有问题，再为同学们讲解。
最后，附上范文一篇(例2)，供同学们参考。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and universities should offer more preparation for student before they start working。
Colleges and universities are the very places where students prepare themselves for the competitive job market. They can take specialized courses, and they can participate in internships, and they can also attend club activities. Although universities and colleges have done much for students, there is still more they can do。
Many students today complain that their specialized courses cannot satisfy their need for practical skills and knowledge for specific careers. The enrollment of colleges and universities in my country has been increased considerably over the past decades, but the quality and the quantity of teachers and professors are not improved that much. Many newly graduated students without any field experience joined faculties due to the lack of teachers, and students find it hard to learn anything more than what their text books contain. Many students are disappointed by teachers who know nothing but reading books. Colleges and universities really should spend more money on hiring experienced and qualified teachers to teach specialized courses, providing students with what they really desire。
Internships and club activities provide students with chances to practice their social skills, but internships are always too short and club activities are not always available to all students. My sister is now a junior in university and she only had a two months' internship during her summer vacation. She complained that since the internship was too short, the company did not take it seriously and she was required to do nothing but buying coffee or ordering meals on the phone and she seldom had chances to communicate with colleagues or clients. Club activities are only available to active students who attend "active clubs" like Student Union, and member of other clubs seldom have opportunities to organized activities due to their shortage of money, resources, and even authorization. Universities and colleges should allow students more time for internships and pay equal attention to all clubs instead of supporting the Student Union only。
University students today are very lucky to have opportunities to increase their knowledge of their challenges in the future, but they are still not fully prepared. Measures should be taken if colleges and universities aim to have them well prepared for the fierce competition ahead。
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