手把手带你从bash无痛切换到zsh，命令行效率轻松翻倍

07-19 1781阅读

文章目录

  • 什么是shell？
  • zsh有什么优势？
  • zsh配置
  • oh my zsh!
    • 安装oh my zsh
    • 配置oh my zsh
    • 定制独一无二的zsh
    • 切换默认shell

      如果你使用的是bash shell，那么你大概率正在使用某个linux发行版。

      手把手带你从bash无痛切换到zsh，命令行效率轻松翻倍
      （图片来源网络，侵删）

      目前，大部分linux发行版使用的默认shell仍然是bash。

      Windows默认使用Powershell。

      从Catalina开始，MacOS已经将默认shell从bash切换到了zsh。

      什么是shell？

      简单说，shell是你与应用程序交互的媒介。

      通常情况下，你将你想要使用的应用程序和参数输入到shell，shell在PATH中查找你希望调用的应用程序，对参数进行解析，并传入参数。最终将结果返回给你。

      zsh有什么优势？

      相比bash，zsh有庞大的插件社区和成熟的插件管理框架如oh my zsh，这使得zsh的功能扩展变得极为容易，你可以向管理vim插件一样管理zsh插件。

      zsh配置

      zsh的全局配置文件位于/etc/zsh.zshc，

      单用户配置文件位于~/.zshrc。

      但我不推荐你现在修改任何一个文件，因为我们有更加优雅的配置方式：

      oh my zsh!

      项目地址： https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh

      oh my zsh是当下最流行的zsh插件管理工具，相当于vim中的vim-plug或vundle。

      安装oh my zsh

      sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

      如果上面的链接不可用，可以试试

      sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://install.ohmyz.sh/)"

      配置oh my zsh

      现在查看.zshrc文件，你会发现oh my zsh已经几乎帮你配置好了。

      如果你想使用插件，可以找到plugins，在其中添加即可。

      这里给出我的.zshrc供你参考。

      (请注意其中几个插件最要单独安装，已在注释中指明，安装方式见项目github首页)

      # If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.
# export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
export ZSH="$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"
# Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will
# load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case,
# to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME
# See https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes
#ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
ZSH_THEME="fino-time"
# Set list of themes to pick from when loading at random
# Setting this variable when ZSH_THEME=random will cause zsh to load
# a theme from this variable instead of looking in $ZSH/themes/
# If set to an empty array, this variable will have no effect.
# ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" )
# Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
 CASE_SENSITIVE="true"
# Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion.
# Case-sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"
# Uncomment one of the following lines to change the auto-update behavior
# zstyle ':omz:update' mode disabled  # disable automatic updates
# zstyle ':omz:update' mode auto      # update automatically without asking
 zstyle ':omz:update' mode reminder  # just remind me to update when it's time
# Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# zstyle ':omz:update' frequency 13
# Uncomment the following line if pasting URLs and other text is messed up.
# DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS="true"
# Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"
# Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"
# Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
 ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"
# Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
# You can also set it to another string to have that shown instead of the default red dots.
# e.g. COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="%F{yellow}waiting...%f"
# Caution: this setting can cause issues with multiline prompts in zsh  can search match text in all file under . recursively
source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
# User configuration
# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"
# You may need to manually set your language environment
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
# if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
#   export EDITOR='vim'
# else
#   export EDITOR='mvim'
# fi
# Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"
# Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,
# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh
# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.
# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
#
# Example aliases
# alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"
source ~/.autoenv/activate.sh
export AUTOENV_ENABLE_LEAVE=1   #enable .env.leave file
#sudo apt install zsh-syntax-hightling
# you can add any command you want to run to init terminal here

      定制独一无二的zsh

      还记得上文中我提到不建议修改.zshrc，这是因为我们在使用oh my zsh框架后，oh my zsh会建立一个~/oh-my-zsh目录用于存放相关文件，其中有一个名为custom的文件夹，我们可以将我们的配置脚本放在此处，oh my zsh会自动加载这一目录下的vim脚本。

      基本支持bash的配置命令。以博主为例，bashrc脚本迁移到zsh未作任何改动。

      我创建了一个名为my_custom.zsh的脚本以存储配置，文件如下供你参考。

      #                                   _                            _     
#                                  | |                          | |    
# _ __ ___  _   _     ___ _   _ ___| |_ ___  _ __ ___    _______| |__  
#| '_ ` _ \| | | |   / __| | | / __| __/ _ \| '_ ` _ \  |_  / __| '_ \ 
#| | | | | | |_| |  | (__| |_| \__ \ || (_) | | | | | |_ / /\__ \ | | |
#|_| |_| |_|\__, |   \___|\__,_|___/\__\___/|_| |_| |_(_)___|___/_| |_|
#            __/ |_____ 
#           |___/______|                            
#
#==========================================================================
#   My Costomizations Start
#==========================================================================
#
#set nvim as manpager of man command
export MANPAGER="nvim +Man!"
#
# 设置软件运行环境为64位
export MTI_VCO_MODE=64
#This is the variable of Gowin
#export PATH=$PATH:/opt/Gowin_V1.9.8.09_Education_linux/IDE/bin/
# This is the variable of Modelsim2020.4
# 设置软件可执行文件所在目录
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/modelsim2020.4/modeltech/bin/
# 设置License文件路径(虽然此时还未生成License，但可以提前设置)
export LM_LICENSE_FILE=/opt/modelsim2020.4/license.lic
#export MODULAR_HOME=/home/ahji/.modular
#export PATH=/home/ahji/.modular/pkg/packages.modular.com_mojo/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/google/chromedriver-linux64/
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.10/bin/
#alias gowin='gw_ide'
#alias gaoyun='gw_ide'
#alias gw='gw_ide'
#alias modelsim='vsim'
#alias cubeide='stm32cubeide'
alias python='python3'
alias md='/opt/marktext/marktext-x86_64.AppImage'
alias netron='/opt/Netron/Netron-7.3.7.AppImage'
#alias bili='/opt/bilibili-v1.12.5-2-x86_64/bin/bilibili &'
#alias bilibili='/opt/bilibili-v1.12.5-2-x86_64/bin/bilibili &'
#alias l='ls'
#alias ll='ls -l'
#alias la='ls -a'
alias c='clear'
alias e='exit'
#alias cl='clear && ls'
#alias v='vim'
alias v='nvim'
alias nv='nvim'
alias py='python3'
alias bt='btop'
#alias bt='bashtop'
#My scripts
alias ahji-connect='sh /home/ahji/Documents/ahji_scripts/connect_Ahji_s_phone.sh'
alias icjlu-connect='python3 /home/ahji/Documents/ahji_scripts/iCGLU_online/iCGLU_online.py'
alias llm-chatglm="/home/ahji/Documents/github/ai/chatglm.cpp/build/bin/main -m /home/ahji/Documents/github/ai/chatglm.cpp/chatglm3-ggml-4_0.bin -i"
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig 
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/Gowin_V1.9.8.09_Education_linux/openFPGALoader/build/
export EDITOR=nvim
export VISUAL=nvim
#==========================================================================

      切换默认shell

      chsh -s /bin/zsh

      如有问题，欢迎在评论区讨论。

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