贪吃蛇——c语言版

06-27 981阅读

文章目录

  • 演示效果
  • 实现的基本功能
  • 技术要点
  • 源代码
  • 实现功能
    • GameStart
      • 打印欢迎界面和功能介绍
      • 绘制地图
      • 创建蛇
      • 创建食物
      • GameRun
        • 打印提示信息
        • 蛇每走一步
        • GameEnd
        • 蛇死亡后继续游戏

          演示效果

          贪吃蛇1.0演示视频

          贪吃蛇——c语言版

          将终端应用程序改为控制台主机

          实现的基本功能

          1. 贪吃蛇地图绘制
          2. 蛇吃食物的功能（上、下、左、右⽅向键控制蛇的动作）
          3. 蛇撞墙死亡
          4. 蛇撞⾃⾝死亡
          5. 计算得分
          6. 蛇⾝加速、减速
          7. 暂停游戏

          技术要点

          c语言函数、枚举、结构体、动态内存管理、预处理指令、链表、Win32 API等等……

          源代码

          snake.h

          #pragma once
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#define KEY_PRESS(vk) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)
#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
enum DIRECTION
{
	UP = 1,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};
enum CONDITION
{ 
	OK,
	KILL_BY_WALL,
	KILL_BY_SELF,
	END_NORMAL
};
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	int x;
	int y;
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,* pSnakeNode;
typedef struct Snake
{
	pSnakeNode pSnakebody;//指向蛇头的节点
	pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的节点
	enum DIRECTION Dir;//方向
	enum CONDITION Cdt;//状态
	int Food_Weight;//食物的权重
	int Socre;//总分数
	int Sleep_Time;//睡眠时间
}Snake,* pSnake;
//初始化
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//定位
void SetPos(short x, short y);
//打印欢迎界面和功能介绍
void  Welcome_To_Game();
//绘制地图
void CreateMap();
//创建蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//运行游戏
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//打印提示信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//蛇走的过程
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//判断下一个节点是不是食物
bool NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn,pSnake ps);
//如果是食物，就吃掉，然后创建新的食物
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn,pSnake ps);
//如果不是食物，就把最后一个节点释放
void NotFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
//判断下一步是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//判断下一步是否撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//善后工作
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

          snake.c

          #define   _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "Snake.h"
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	//食物的坐标在棋盘内
again:
	do
	{
		x = rand() % 53 + 2;
		y = rand() % 25 + 1;
	} while (x % 2 != 0);
	//食物不能和蛇身冲突
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == x && cur->y == y)
		{
			goto again;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//创建食物
	pSnakeNode Food = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (Food == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		return;
	}
	Food->next = NULL;
	Food->x = x;
	Food->y = y;
	SetPos(x, y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
	ps->pFood = Food;
}
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
	HANDLE houtput = NULL;
	houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	COORD pos = { x,y };
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
	ps->pSnakebody = NULL;
	pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
	for (int i = 0; i next = NULL;
		cur->x = POS_X + i * 2;
		cur->y = POS_Y;
		//头插
		if (ps->pSnakebody == NULL)
		{
			ps->pSnakebody = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			cur->next = ps->pSnakebody;
			ps->pSnakebody = cur;
		}
	}
	//打印身体
	cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//初始化贪吃蛇的数据
	ps->Cdt = OK;
	ps->Dir = RIGHT;
	ps->Food_Weight = 10;
	ps->Socre = 0;
	ps->Sleep_Time = 200;//单位毫秒
}
void CreateMap()
{
	int i = 0;
	//上
	for (i = 0; i x && pn->y == ps->pFood->y);
}
//如果是食物，就吃掉，然后创建新的食物
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	//头插
	ps->pFood->next = ps->pSnakebody;
	ps->pSnakebody = ps->pFood;
	//释放下一个位置的节点
	free(pn);
	pn = NULL;
	//打印
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	ps->Socre += ps->Food_Weight;
	CreateFood(ps);
}
//如果不是食物，就把最后一个节点释放
void NotFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	//头插
	pn->next = ps->pSnakebody;
	ps->pSnakebody = pn;
	//最后一个节点，要释放
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur->next->next)//打印前n个
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//释放最后一个
	SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
	printf("  ");
	free(cur->next);
	cur->next = NULL;
}
//判断下一步是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
	if (ps->pSnakebody->x == 56
		|| ps->pSnakebody->x == 0
		|| ps->pSnakebody->y == 0
		|| ps->pSnakebody->y == 26)
	{
		ps->Cdt = KILL_BY_WALL;
	}
}
//判断下一步是否撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->pSnakebody->x && cur->y == ps->pSnakebody->y)
		{
			ps->Cdt = KILL_BY_SELF;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}
//蛇走的过程
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
	//创建下一个节点
	pSnakeNode pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pNextNode == NULL)
	{
		perror("pNextNode malloc fail");
		return;
	}
	switch (ps->Dir)
	{
	case UP://向上
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y - 1;
		break;
	case DOWN://向下
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y + 1;
		break;
	case LEFT://向左
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x - 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y;
		break;
	case RIGHT://向右
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x + 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y;
		break;
	}
	//判断下一个节点是不是食物
	if (NextIsFood(pNextNode, ps))
	{
		EatFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	else
	{
		NotFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	KillByWall(ps);//下一步是墙
	KillBySelf(ps);//下一步是自己
}
//运行游戏
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
	PrintHelpInfo();
	do
	{
		SetPos(60, 10);
		printf("食物分数：%2d", ps->Food_Weight);
		SetPos(60, 11);
		printf("总分数：%2d", ps->Socre);
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->Dir != DOWN)
		{
			ps->Dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->Dir != UP)
		{
			ps->Dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->Dir != RIGHT)
		{
			ps->Dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->Dir != LEFT)
		{
			ps->Dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			ps->Cdt = END_NORMAL;
			break;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			pause();
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F1))
		{
			if (ps->Sleep_Time > 80)
			{
				ps->Sleep_Time -= 30;
				ps->Food_Weight += 2;
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F2))
		{
			if (ps->Sleep_Time Sleep_Time += 30;
				ps->Food_Weight -= 2;
			}
		}
		//让蛇走起来
		SnakeMove(ps);
		Sleep(ps->Sleep_Time);
	} while (ps->Cdt == OK);
	
}
//善后工作
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
	SetPos(20, 12);
	switch (ps->Cdt)
	{
	case END_NORMAL:
		printf("您主动结束了游戏");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_WALL:
		printf("您撞到墙死了");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_SELF:
		printf("您咬到了自己");
	}
	//释放蛇身节点
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		pSnakeNode del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
}

          snaketest.c

          #define   _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "Snake.h"
void test()
{
	int ch = 0;
	do
	{
		system("cls");
		Snake snake;
		GameStart(&snake);
		GameRun(&snake);
		GameEnd(&snake);
		SetPos(20, 14);
		printf("再来一局吗？(Y/N):");
		ch = getchar();
		while (getchar() != '\n');
	} while (ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y');
	SetPos(0, 27);
}
int main()
{
	//创建贪吃蛇
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	test();
	return 0;
	//初始化游戏
	//运行游戏
	//结束游戏
}

          实现功能

          在地图上我们打印墙体、蛇、食物都是使用宽字符，普通字符只占字节，宽字符占两个

          中文也是两个宽字符，所以我们本地化所有类项即可

          setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

          再实现功能以前，我们可以将要实现的功能分成三大类：

          GameStart(初始化游戏)

          GameRun(运行游戏)

          GameEnd(游戏善后工作)

          GameStart

          再绘制地图以前，我们需要设置控制台窗口的长宽：100列，30行

          顺便设置窗口的名字为贪吃蛇

          void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
	system("title 贪吃蛇");
}

          隐藏光标并且获得句柄

          void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
	system("title 贪吃蛇");
	//获取标准输出设备的句柄
	HANDLE houtput = NULL;
	houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//定义光标信息结构体
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
	//获取光标信息
	GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);
	//修改
	CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
	//设置
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);
}

          修改光标位置

          void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
	HANDLE houtput = NULL;
	houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	COORD pos = { x,y };
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
}

          打印欢迎界面和功能介绍

          前面提到如何定位光标位置，在每一页打印完以后暂停，并且清理该页，才会接着打印下一页

          void Welcome_To_Game()
{
	SetPos(40, 14);
	printf("欢迎来到贪食蛇小游戏");
	SetPos(40, 25);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	SetPos(25, 14);
	printf("用↑ . ↓ . ← . → 分别控制蛇的移动，F1为加速，");
	SetPos(25, 15);
	printf("F2为减速,加速将得到更高的分数");
	SetPos(40, 24);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

          绘制地图

          因为在后续功能中经常要用到各种图案，我们就统一在头文件里定义好

          #define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'

          void CreateMap()
{
	int i = 0;
	//上
	for (i = 0; i x = POS_X + i * 2;
		cur->y = POS_Y;
		//头插
		if (ps->pSnakebody == NULL)
		{
			ps->pSnakebody = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			cur->next = ps->pSnakebody;
			ps->pSnakebody = cur;
		}
	}
	//打印身体
	cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//初始化贪吃蛇的数据
	ps->Cdt = OK;
	ps->Dir = RIGHT;
	ps->Food_Weight = 10;
	ps->Socre = 0;
	ps->Sleep_Time = 200;//单位毫秒
}

          创建食物

          棋盘大小：

          贪吃蛇——c语言版

          要注意食物的范围

          void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	//食物的坐标在棋盘内随机生成
again:
	do
	{
		x = rand() % 53 + 2;
		y = rand() % 25 + 1;
	} while (x % 2 != 0);
	//食物不能和蛇身冲突
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == x && cur->y == y)
		{
			goto again;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//创建食物
	pSnakeNode Food = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (Food == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		return;
	}
	Food->next = NULL;
	Food->x = x;
	Food->y = y;
	SetPos(x, y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
	ps->pFood = Food;
}

          GameRun

          打印提示信息

          贪吃蛇——c语言版

          //打印提示信息
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
	SetPos(60, 15);
	printf("不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
	SetPos(60, 16);
	printf("用 ↑.↓.←.→ 分别控制蛇的移动，");
	SetPos(60, 17);
	printf("F1为加速，F2为减速,加速将得到更高的分数");
	SetPos(60, 18);
	printf("ESC：退出游戏，SPACE：暂停游戏");
	SetPos(60, 20);
	printf("我爱吃福鼎肉片@版权");
}

          蛇每走一步

          当蛇正在向某个方向走时，不能操控蛇走相反方向！

          #define KEY_PRESS(vk) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)

          //运行游戏
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
	PrintHelpInfo();
	do
	{
		SetPos(60, 10);
		printf("食物分数：%2d", ps->Food_Weight);
		SetPos(60, 11);
		printf("总分数：%2d", ps->Socre);
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->Dir != DOWN)
		{
			ps->Dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->Dir != UP)
		{
			ps->Dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->Dir != RIGHT)
		{
			ps->Dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->Dir != LEFT)
		{
			ps->Dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			ps->Cdt = END_NORMAL;
			break;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			pause();
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F1))
		{
			if (ps->Sleep_Time > 80)
			{
				ps->Sleep_Time -= 30;
				ps->Food_Weight += 2;
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F2))
		{
			if (ps->Sleep_Time Sleep_Time += 30;
				ps->Food_Weight -= 2;
			}
		}
		//让蛇走起来
		SnakeMove(ps);
		Sleep(ps->Sleep_Time);
	} while (ps->Cdt == OK);//状态为OK才能走
	
}

          当蛇走向下一个节点时，要分为两种情况

          1. 下个节点是食物
          2. 下个节点不是食物
          //蛇走的过程
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
	//创建下一个节点
	pSnakeNode pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pNextNode == NULL)
	{
		perror("pNextNode malloc fail");
		return;
	}
	switch (ps->Dir)
	{
	case UP://向上
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y - 1;
		break;
	case DOWN://向下
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y + 1;
		break;
	case LEFT://向左
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x - 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y;
		break;
	case RIGHT://向右
		pNextNode->x = ps->pSnakebody->x + 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->pSnakebody->y;
		break;
	}
	//判断下一个节点是不是食物
	if (NextIsFood(pNextNode, ps))
	{
		EatFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	else
	{
		NotFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	KillByWall(ps);//下一步是墙
	KillBySelf(ps);//下一步是自己
}
          1. 下个节点是食物

            先判断一下

          //判断下一个节点是不是食物
bool NextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	return (pn->x == ps->pFood->x && pn->y == ps->pFood->y);
}

          //如果是食物，就吃掉，然后创建新的食物
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	//头插
	ps->pFood->next = ps->pSnakebody;
	ps->pSnakebody = ps->pFood;
	//释放下一个位置的节点
	free(pn);
	pn = NULL;
	//打印
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	ps->Socre += ps->Food_Weight;
	CreateFood(ps);
}

          为什么释放下一个位置的节点，有些同学有疑问

          因为在CreateFood函数中，已经将ps->Food指向了食物节点，所以下一个位置的节点用不上的，当然要释放掉，因此，使用下一个位置的节点，释放食物节点也是可以的。

          2. 下一个节点不是食物

          贪吃蛇——c语言版

          //如果不是食物，就把最后一个节点释放
void NotFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	//头插
	pn->next = ps->pSnakebody;
	ps->pSnakebody = pn;
	//最后一个节点，要释放
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur->next->next)//打印前n个
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//释放最后一个
	SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
	printf("  ");
	free(cur->next);
	cur->next = NULL;
}

          除了食物，还要判断下一个是否撞墙或者咬到自己

          //判断下一步是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
	if (ps->pSnakebody->x == 56
		|| ps->pSnakebody->x == 0
		|| ps->pSnakebody->y == 0
		|| ps->pSnakebody->y == 26)
	{
		ps->Cdt = KILL_BY_WALL;
	}
}
//判断下一步是否撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->pSnakebody->x && cur->y == ps->pSnakebody->y)
		{
			ps->Cdt = KILL_BY_SELF;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}

          GameEnd

          贪吃蛇——c语言版

          //善后工作
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
	SetPos(20, 12);
	switch (ps->Cdt)
	{
	case END_NORMAL:
		printf("您主动结束了游戏");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_WALL:
		printf("您撞到墙死了");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_SELF:
		printf("您咬到了自己");
	}
	//释放蛇身节点
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnakebody;
	while (cur)
	{
		pSnakeNode del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
}

          蛇死亡后继续游戏

          到此还没有结束，如果玩家还想在玩一把呢，总不能关闭应用再重新点开吧

          void test()
{
	int ch = 0;
	do
	{
		system("cls");
		Snake snake;
		GameStart(&snake);
		GameRun(&snake);
		GameEnd(&snake);
		SetPos(20, 14);
		printf("再来一局吗？(Y/N):");
		ch = getchar();
		while (getchar() != '\n');//如果输入yyyy一样可以读取
	} while (ch == 'Y' || ch == 'y');
	SetPos(0, 27);
}

          贪吃蛇——c语言版

          希望这篇博客对你有所帮助！！！如果有不懂或者有错的地方欢迎私信探讨！

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